摘要

     本文的研究目的在於探討墨子的宗教思想。墨子的宗教思想主要見於〈天志〉與〈明鬼〉兩章，內容主旨為墨子對「天」、「鬼」的闡釋以及「天之所欲」─「兼相愛，交相利」，也就是眾所週知的「兼愛」。墨子身處於春秋戰國時代的亂世，眼見許多平民百姓因為戰爭而流離失所，飽受折磨，深究原因，都是一位人與人之間「不相愛」，所以墨子希望人人都能遵守「天志」，因為天主張「兼相愛，交相利」，而且會懲罰以不義之手段傷害他人的人，所以墨子主張唯有相信天鬼，才能讓人與人之間都能相愛，使社會達到和平安樂的境界。本文共分六章，第一章「緒論」介紹本文的研究動機、目的與方法，二到六章則分別探討墨子宗教思想的時代背景、主要內容、近世學者的詮釋與評論、與世界知名思想與宗教的比較、以及墨子宗教思想的現代價值與意義。

Abstract

      The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the religious thoughts of Mo Tzu. His religious thoughts are primarily revealed in two chapters, “the will of heaven” and “explaining ghosts”. The tenors of both chapters are the interpretations about “God”, “ghosts”, and “God’s willingness”--“universal love and mutual benefit”, which is so-called “universal love”. Mo Tzu lived in the troubled times of the Warring State, in which many human beings, because of the wars, were destitute and homeless. The reason deep inside this turmoil is because people did not love one another. Therefore, Mo Tzu hopes that everyone should follow “God’s willingness”, since “God” claimed “universal love and mutual benefit” and punished the people who harm others with injustice. Mo Tzu proposes that people could love one another and make the society a peaceful and harmonious wonderland only through believing in “God and ghosts”. There are six chapters in this thesis. The first chapter is the introduction explaining the motivation, purpose, and methodology of the whole thesis. From chapter two to six, the discussions are about the context and major content of the Mo Tzu’s religious thoughts, interpretations and critics of modern scholars, comparisons to other famous theories and religions worldwide, and the contemporary value and significance in Mo Tzu.