摘要
本論文旨在討論歸納新難題，亦即歸納的描述問題，重心放在韓佩爾的驗證弔詭、古德曼的歸納新謎題、蒯因的自然類，以及韓佩爾、古德曼、蒯因、費特森和薛富勒等人的解決方案。從語法、語意和語用三個層面分析與比較各種解決方案，顯示古德曼的投射理論與蒯因的自然類理論是較合理的方案。兩者都涉及語用層面。
關鍵字：驗證、觀察報告、可投射的、確立性、自然類、相似性。
Abstract
The purpose of the thesis is
to discuss the new problem of induction. It means the description problem of
induction. It focuses on confirming paradox of Hempel, new riddles of induction
of Goodman, natural kind of Quine, and the solution project of Hempel, Goodman,
Quine, Fitelson、Scheffler
and so on. With syntax, semantics, and pragmatics to analyze and compare to
every solution project, it shows the projection theory of Goodman and the
natural kind theory of Quine are more reasonable projects than the others. Both
of them involve pragmatics.
Key words: confirm, observation report, projectible, entrenchment, natural kind, similarity.