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摘要

程頤處於一個對抗外來佛學與復興本土儒學的宋代，透過其著作《周易程氏傳》來闡述和發揚理論。《周易程氏傳》中以理作為最高範疇，之後進而影響著朱熹的思想，可見程頤的理學有著至關重要的地位。當代宋代仕紳普遍皆與佛學家有著往來和思想討論。程頤一方面批判佛學，一方面以此來建構理學的形上思想。但程頤在本體論上的主張或修養功夫論上，受到佛學的影響兩者互相交融。

本文第一張為研究動機、研究回顧和章節結構。第二章首先是交代北宋佛學的大致情形和時代背景。第三章是在接續前面所討論的入佛之後，回歸到傳統儒學，程頤批判佛學並且同時建構理學。第四章是分三個面向去討論程頤理學與佛學的關係。分別為「本體論」、「心性論」、和「功夫論」上的探討，而從這三個層面中，取出其核心價值，進而與佛學中類似的概念相比較。第五章為本文結論，總結程頤的理學受佛學的影響。

本論文採用《二程集》中，對於佛學的批評與看法。再者，對比佛學中在宋代或之前的佛學僧人，存在著相似性主張的經典或佛經，在文章上追求經典原創性亦或是現實社會的啟示能有所裨益。

關鍵字：理、程頤、華嚴、佛學、二程集

Abstract

The Neo-Confucian philosopher Cheng Yi 程頤 (1033-1107) is most famous for his renewed understanding of the Confucian tradition. In particular, his thinking puts much emphasis on the notion of li 理 (“principle“, “order“, “coherence“). He thus influenced many later Neo-Confucian thinkers, f.ex. Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130-1200). Now it has often been argued that Cheng’s thinking needs to be understood against the backdrop of Buddhism, esp. the Huayan school. This M.A. dissertation aims at sheding new light on the intricate relation between Neo-Confucian thinking and Buddhism.

The first chapter introduces the basic question and reviews the research literature. In the second chapter, the author gives an overview of Buddhism in the Northern Song dynasty. The third chapter explores how Cheng Yi attempted to clarify his thinking against the backdrop of Buddhist thinking. The fourth chapter aims at discussing the relationship between Cheng Yi’s Neo-Confucian vision and Buddhism by means of three aspects, namely ontological theory, theory of human nature, and practical discourse. Finally, the fifth chapter presents a number of concluding remarks and discusses further philosophical implications.

This dissertation focuses primarily on Cheng Yi’s remarks in the Collected Writings of the Two Cheng and, secondarily, to Cheng Yi’s commentary to the Book of Changes.