《禮記•樂記》的認識活動和教育理論
摘要
本文由對自身提問起始，以《禮記．樂記》為研究對象，透過對經典的研究，面對現代變動迅速的社會，學習古代對安身立命的解釋。
〈樂記〉從「感物心動」之認識活動開始，研究〈樂記〉如何解釋聲、音、樂現象，從人對自身和周遭環境的理解到「天人相副」之理論，人受到外在影響而出聲動情，然而不控制人情欲望，則人為物欲所控制，所以〈樂記〉提出以禮樂為「節人欲」的方法，透過「禮」分別人倫、責任，使人能彼此順敬，透過「樂」來融合、調節，彼此產生和親的態度。
「樂」能調和人的情感和作為，使之達到身心和諧的結果，同時人能夠順從內化於心的社會規則，判斷行事，行動能夠「有節居中」，而成為有德者。
第三章「審樂以知政」為主旨，從「聲音之道與政通」，透過雅樂、國風可以瞭解國家現狀。
第四章探討音樂和教育，《周禮》中的大司樂是教育體制的領導者，從《禮記．內則》中可知當時的教育過程，教育使人成長，讓人擁有反省自覺的能力，能「誠」來面對自我行為，反省且能行動。
〈樂記〉肯定人所本有，以教育調和天生、人文之間的份際，個體和群體的諧和，最終達到「仁」「和」的狀態。
結論部分指出〈樂記〉在先秦儒家的價值，樂教和現今偏重個體特性，及注重科學知識的教育方式不同，樂教是人們重視群體和個體相互配合的教育方式。樂教為古代的成人教育，從詩教到禮教是一連續的過程，政治、社交活動則是驗收教育成果的場合。
〈樂記〉在引導人情走向，建立主體的自我意識可與現代教育相結合，而筆者在研究過程中，也藉閱讀、反省、建立自我和文本之間的關係，同時也試圖構築自我與環境相平衡的身心狀態。
Abstract
The thesis starts first from asking questions about ourselves, then through the research of the Book of Rites and the Book of Music to find the modern interpretation of how we can settle ourselves down with our pursuit.
The research of the Book of Music begins with its explanation of sound, voice, and music, then the theory of “response of Heaven and men—” the sound and emotion of men are influenced by the environment. However, if we don’t control our emotion and desires, we’ll be controlled by them instead. Hence the Book claimed that rites and music are the best ways to reduce human desires.
Music can moderate our emotion and behavior, reaching the harmony of body and mind. It also enables us to follow the moral rules in our mind, make the right judgment, take the proper action, and finally become virtuous. Next the exploration of the Book broadens to the state of a country and its education.
The conclusion points out the Book’s value in early Qin Dynasty, and the different educational emphasis from modern one, that it stressed on the collaboration of community and individuals. In ancient times, only adults received music education, while poems and rites were also included. Political performance and social activities were used to verify whether one’s education was successful or not.
The Book of Music approved of our nature, and that education can adjust the Heaven-men relations and promote the harmony between community and individuals, then achieve Benevolence and Harmony at last.