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摘要

 人際關係具有許多個層面，其中包含著責任、義務，甚至規範性期望的部分，可以稱之為「道德關係」。除了一般的道德理解，這篇論文還嘗試從另外兩個方向來理解道德關係的全貌：（一）對道德關係的傷害，（二）受到道德傷害後的修復行動。道德關係的傷害，就是人際關係中的規範性期望沒有得到滿足，所謂的「規範性期望」就是泛指兩個人當中對道德標準的共識；而道德修復旨在回復對規範具有的權威性的信任，並且是「抱有希望地」相信它。此外，人們長久以來有著另外一種回應錯誤行為的方法，稱之為「寬恕」。寬恕似乎成為處理錯誤行為的萬靈丹。在面對無法輕易消解的錯誤行為時，寬恕是我們可以動用的手段。但是，這是有問題的。我們對寬恕須要有更全面且更正確的理解，並且透過描述生活中實踐與理論的不同，來說明避免為了寬恕而使道德理解腐化、道德世界受到動搖，以及在錯誤的前提下進行寬恕所可能發生的危險。

關鍵字：道德關係、道德修復、規範性期望、信任、希望、寬恕

Abstract

Moral relationship among two or more persons, with many aspects, includes responsibility, obligation, or even normative expectation. This thesis attempts to survey the complete picture of moral relationship in two directions: (a) the damage of moral relationship, and (b) the action of repair after moral damage. The so-called normative expectations constitute some certain consensuses on which two or more people share ethical standards, and, then, the damage of moral relationship is that interpersonal normative expectations have not been met. Accordingly, moral repair focuses on restoring the normative expectation which is of authoritative trust and is "hopefully" believed in. In addition, people have had another way to respond to the wrongdoing for a long time, which is the so called "forgiveness". Forgiveness seems to be the panacea for dealing with wrongdoing and the means that we can draw on in the face of wrongdoing when we cannot easily settle. However, there are some problems with forgiveness. The thesis clarifies the concept of forgiveness in a more sufficient and appropriate way in which we describe different aspects of practical life, and also aims at avoiding the possible dangers of moral misunderstanding and the corruption of moral realm which inapt forgiveness could bring about.