佔有式個人主義與財產理論
摘要
本篇論文旨在探討Macpherson《佔有式個人主義的政治理論》書中，對於近代政治思想家---洛克的詮釋。透過佔有式個人主義的假設說明近代財產理論的興起與缺陷，並分析佔有式個人主義與十七世紀當時社會背景兩者之間的關係。
本篇論文分為五個章節，第一章是分析Macpherson詮釋方法的適切性。第二章是從Macpherson觀點檢視洛克的財產理論，並以佔有式個人主義為架構說明其財產理論。第三章是探討佔有式個人主義的社會背景，以及說明階級差異對佔有式個人主義所造成的影響。第四章的內容是著重於Macpherson對舊財產概念的批評，並提出他自己的新財產觀點。第五章是筆者對Macpherson理論的分析，並提出綜合性的評論。
關鍵字：佔有式個人主義、財產、私有財產、公有財產、國家財產、勞動、自然法、自然狀態、自然權利、自由財產權、階級分化
Possessive Individualism and Theories of Property
Abstract
The topic of this thesis is to discuss Macpherson’s interpretation of Locke’s theory of property, which he gives in The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism (1962). By the hypothesis of possessive individualism, merits and flaws of that theory will be made clear. Moreover, the social background in which possessive individualism arose in the 17th century will be discussed.
This thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter one will analyze the validity of Macpherson’s method of interpretation. Chapter two will analyze Locke’s theory of property in terms of possessive individualism. Chapter three will make clear the historical background of possessive individualism and show that it is originated from the class differences in the 17th century. Chapter four will focus on Macpherson’s criticism of traditional notion of property and his new conception of property. In chapter five, Macpherson’s own theory will be analyzed and commentaries of contemporary scholars will be presented.
Keywords： Possessive Individualism、Property、Private Property、Common Property、State Property、Labor、Natural Law、Natural State、Natural Right、the Liberal Property Right、Class Differentials