摘要
本文以莊子工夫論的實踐性為主題，探討如何透過莊子工夫的層級次第，來加強其實踐條件的有效性。中國哲學為實踐之學，人在現實的生命中透過主體自覺得以實踐，莊子之學亦是如此。但莊子所用的語言如天下篇所說的：「謬悠之說，荒唐之言，無端崖之辭」常使人對於他的實踐之學上問號，甚至認為他的言辭是「消極」、「避世」的清談之說。因此本論文的研究動機以及目的在於呈現莊子之學的實踐性，排除掉「消極」、「避世」的說法，不讓莊子的學說落入「空談」。
莊子的工夫論所追求的目標是「體道」，也就是如何以主體生命來體現「道」的自然本性。本文以道家工夫的方向「復性」為依據，指出在復歸於自然本性的過程中所面臨的種種阻礙。並進行以這些阻礙為對象的「去障工夫」，來達到「體道」的境界。最後以《內篇》之排序意義來整理分析「去障工夫」的實踐進路，利用工夫的層級所建立起的條件，來嘗試能否加強其實踐性。
關鍵字：莊子、工夫、體道、實踐條件
Abstract
The subject of this thesis is the identification of practical applications of Zhuangzi's concept of self-cultivation, and the consideration of how to expand its practical applications by a close reading of the various levels of self-cultivation. The practical is one of the major issues in Chinese philosophy; the thought of Zhuangzi, as well as of others, is expressed subjectively. Zhuangzi's language is highly idiosyncratic, as characterized by "Tian Xia":" [Zhuangzi] uses strange and mystical expressions, wild and extravagant words, and phrases to which no definite meaning could be assigned." The language of his practical theory engenders uncertainty as to its meaning, his theory has been characterized as "negative" or "escapist". Thus, the main purpose and aim of this thesis is to identify and present practical concepts in Zhuangzi's theory, thereby sidestepping the critique of his thought as nothingness.
The ultimate goal of Zhuangzi is to embody the nature of Tao; his concept of self-cultivation is the means to achieve that embodiment. Going back to the state of nature is the main concept and aim of Taoism. Based on this notion this thesis attempts to identify and comment on the obstacles confronting the reader in the course of this process. Moreover, the thesis examines "the method of disencumbering" used to liberate the individual from oppression, which is necessary to achieve the state of nature. Finally, the practical application of the "method of disencumbering" is derived by exploring the meaningfulness of the "Inner Chapter" so as to increase the validity of the practical by the application of various levels of self-cultivation.
Keywords：Zhuangzi, self-cultivation, embodied Tao, practical application Narrative, Tradition
MacIntyre, Virtue, Practice, Narrative, Tradition