《莊子》養生哲學探析
論文提要
《莊子》是中國哲學史上一部重要的經典著作，所代表的是莊子以及其後學對於道家思維的承接與開展，而本文旨在探討其養生思想。
《莊子》養生思想重點為內在心靈的提升與保全自然之天性，渴望人能夠擺脫現實生活中種種的限制與束縛，進而獲得精神上的逍遙自適，達到與「道」同「遊」的境界。《莊子》藉由「氣」的概念說明萬物生滅變化，將「氣」視為萬物內在的共同原質，此為《莊子》「齊物」、「齊生死」概念發展的基礎，目的就在於消解吾人對於形體以及生死大限的執著。此外，「心」因為做為人內在的認知主體而易外馳於物，產生種種欲念與是非爭端，於是《莊子》提出「忘」、「明」等方法屏除外在環境對於其人精神與心靈的侵擾與束縛，認為心必須保持虛空狀態才能體悟大道，並且隨著時代演變提出「鞭後」概念加強對於形體的重視。整體言之，《莊子》養生思想即是由「外形內神」作為開展之基礎，重視「神」對於「形」之領導，去除一切有礙精神自由的因素，達到「逍遙遊」的境界。
本文共五章，茲依序說明各章要旨：
第一章 緒論：
描述研究動機以及確定研究範圍，並且將《莊子》中有關養生思想的寓言故事、言論試圖做一整理與分析。
第二章 養生思想中概念詞解析：
挑選九個與《莊子》養生思想相關的概念詞，分別為形、氣、心、神、性、德、命、情、知，分別釐清各個概念詞與《莊子》養生思想之間的關係，以及其所代表的意義。
第三章 《莊子》的養生思想：
分析《莊子》由「形」、「神」作為基礎所發展出的「重神輕形」與「形神兼養」之養生觀，並且進一步探討《莊子》養生思想中最重視的「養心」問題，以及描述《莊子》中所提出具體的養生方法論「忘」、「明」、「鞭後」。
第四章 審美的心境：
主旨在於以一種審美的視野體驗《莊子》養生之藝術內涵。首先描述《莊子》當中理想人格的境界，其次以生死問題呈現岀心靈超脫之美，最後則是描述《莊子》養生最終追求的「逍遙遊」境界。
第五章 結論：
總結前段論述，並且進一步探討《莊子》養生思想在現代社會所啟示出的意義，賦予《莊子》養生思想對於現代生命新的反省與應用。
關鍵詞：莊子、養生、氣、心、神、逍遙
Analyze the theory of regimen in Chuang tzu
Thesis Outline
Chuang tzu is an important classic in the history of Chinese philosophy, it represents the Tao spirit for the descendants who study Tao. The main point of this thesis is to discuss the theory of regimen.
The main point in Chuang tzu is to raise your own spirit, maintain the natural instincts, and to abandon restricts in reality in order to reach spiritual freedom. Chuang tzu used the idea of “Qi”（氣） to explain the life circle for all creatures that live in the world. It is also used as a foundation to develop the idea of all creatures die so as to eliminate the stubborn thoughts about life and death for all human beings. Moreover, the reason for arguments and desire that exist among human beings is because our cognitive center is too easily affected by the outside materials. Therefore “Discard”（忘） and “Clear”（明） was mentioned by Chuang tzu in order to get rid of troubles and bindings which came from outside materials. Further more, Chuang tzu mentioned that only by using “Discard” and “Clear” can clear our soul,and than we can understand the truth. With the change of the time the idea of “Bian Hou”（鞭後） was mentioned by Chuang tzu and reinforced the importance of the human body. In conclusion, the foundation of the theory of regimen in Chuang tzu was to preserve your spirit in mind and to maintain the body outside. Besides, the theory also reinforced the idea of “Sheng”（神）, which was treated as an important guidance for “Shin”（形）, to eliminate all the barriers in our spirit in order to reach spiritual freedom.
This thesis is divided into five chapters and the followings are the main idea of each chapter.
Chapter 1 Introduction.
The main point in this chapter is to describe the reason for the author to do this research and to confirm the research areas for this thesis. Also, the author tries to explain and analyze the theory of regimen by using a lot of fables in Chuang tzu
Chapter 2. Analyzing the meaning of terms in the theory of regimen
In this chapter, the author chooses nine important terms that are related to the theory of regimen in Chuang tzu including “Shin”（形）; “Qi”（氣）;” Xin”（心）; “Sheng”（神）;” Instinct”（性）; “Virtue”（德）;” Destiny”（命）; “Emotions”（情） and” Knowledge”（知）. Besides, the author interprets the meaning of each term and the relationship between terms and the theory of regimen in Chuang tzu
Chapter 3. The theory of regimen in Chuang tzu
To explain the notion that comes from the concept of “Shin” and “Sheng” in the regimen theory that spirit is more important than the body and the idea of human beings should train their spirit and body at the same time. Furthermore, the author will discuss the idea of spirit training, which was the most important concept in the regimen theory, and provide some concrete ways including “Discard”,” Clear”, and “Bian Hou” to keep human beings in good health.
Chapter 4. The attitude toward the appreciation of the beauty
The main point in this chapter is to try to create a positive attitude toward the appreciation of the beauty for the readers so as to understand the connotation of the theory of regimen in Chuang tzu First, described the ideal personality in Chuang tzu. Second, the author presented the beauty which beyond the ken of man by using questions about life and death. Finally, the author explained the main goal in the regimen theory “ Spiritual Freedom”.
Chapter 5. Conclusion.
First, make a summery to this thesis and discusses the influences that come from the theory of regimen to the modern world. Second, offers a concrete concept for the moderns about how to apply and get self-reflection from the theory of regimen in Chuang tzu.
Key words.： Chuang tzu; Regimen; Qi; Xin; Sheng; Spiritual Freedom.