Abstract
Are the painters discussed in the Ion and Republic contradictory with each other in Plato's dialogues? When we compare the painter in the Ion and that in the Republic, we will find that Plato's attitude towards painters in these two dialogues seems inconsistent. It is positive in the Ion, while it is negative in the Republic. However, this thesis argues that this is not inconsistent, but expresses Plato's thoughts in different contexts in these two dialogues: in the Ion, Plato raised the issue of poet's epistemic shortcomings by drawing the distinction between techne and inspiration; in the Republic, Plato was discussing the position of the poet and painter in the ideal city. And in this case, I declare Plato distinguishes between bad and good poets and painters through his discussion of imitation. Plato was concerned with the distinction between bad and good, not the distinction between poets and painters. This dissertation will look at the discussion of poets and painters in Ion and Republic from this point of view, and further clarify Plato's views on art.
Keywords：Plato, inspiration, techne, mimesis, poetry, painting.
摘要
在柏拉圖(Plato)的對話錄中，《伊安(Ion)》與《理想國(Republic)》中對畫家的討論是否是矛盾的？當我們比較《伊安》與《理想國》中的畫家，會發現柏拉圖在這兩篇對話錄中對於畫家的態度呈顯得不一致，前者顯得正面、後者則顯得負面。但是本論文認為這並非是不一致的，卻表達了柏拉圖在這兩篇對話錄中不同脈絡下的思考。在《伊安》中，柏拉圖是以靈感和技藝的區分提出了詩人的缺點；到了《理想國》，柏拉圖則是在討論理想城邦中，詩人與畫家應該要處於何種地位。而在這情形之下，我認為柏拉圖在《理想國》中，透過對模仿的探討，區分了不好的與好的詩人與畫家。柏拉圖關心的是這不好的與好的區分，而不是詩人與畫家的區別。本論文將從這點來看《伊安》與《理想國》裡有關詩人與畫家的討論，並進一步釐清柏拉圖對藝術的看法。
關鍵字：柏拉圖、靈感、技藝、模仿、詩、畫