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摘要

 本文以王陽明哲學中「心」、「意」、「知」與「物」作為研究對象，嘗試透過此四個基礎概念來說明其哲學系統。首先，本文分析「心即理」的觀點，討論王陽明對於「理」與「心」概念的定位，並闡述「心即理」理論乃緊扣道德領域立論。其次，討論「意」、「知」與「物」三個概念的內涵，及其相應的「誠意」、「致知」與「格物」等學說，作為王陽明哲學中工夫理論的說明。最後一部分，則闡釋王陽明在天泉橋與錢緒山、王龍溪針對講學重要宗旨「四句教」的討論，說明本體與工夫並重的思想。

關鍵字：王陽明、心、意、知、物、四句教

Abstract

In this paper, I focus on the four concepts of "Xin心/Mind-heart ", "Yi意/Will", "Zhi知/Knowing", and "Wu物/Thing" to elucidate Wang Yang-ming's philosophical system. With regard to this purpose, it is necessary to introduce and explain firstly the concept of "Li理/Principle", and then I discuss the fundamental doctrine of "the identity of Mind-heart and Principle心即理" whose validity, in my view, is reduced to the moral domain. Secondly, I give a detail account of the rest concepts of "Yi", "Zhi", and "Wu", respectively derived from "Cheng-Yi誠意/Sincerity of the will", "Zhi-Zhi致知/Extension of knowledge", and "Ge-Wu格物/Investigation of things" in The Great Leaning〈大學〉, to illuminate the theory of moral cultivation in Wang Yang-ming's philosophy. At last, through the analysis of the discussion of“Four Maxims”四句教between Wang Yang-ming and two of his pupils, Qian Xu-shan and Wang Long-xi, my interpretation of the four concepts foregoing is confirmed and the point that the connection between Ben-Ti本體/original substance and Gong-Fu工夫/moral cultivation is emphasized.