從沙特的不良信念看族群偏見的問題

摘要
　

本文從沙特的存在主義思想出發思考族群關係的不平等問題。存在主義重視人的實存經驗，因此本文將族群問題轉換為：我們是如何經驗族群問題的？它是基於什麼樣的意識模態而產生？如果沙特的中心論旨在於人本質上是自由的存在，他有無限開放的可能性，則為什麼在現實生活中，人們又被迫禁錮在族群問題當中難以脫身，究竟是什麼樣的意識模態有以致之？

沙特基於人是意識的存有，否認存在著任何形式的「自我」，意識不是自我的表現形式，反而「自我」是意識的形構產物。將「自我」固定化的結果將會產生「不良信念」。本文第二章釐清「自我問題」與不良信念的關係。第三章將闡明高登有關族群關係(特別是反黑人種族主義)的論述。第四章則交代二十世紀後殖民主義重要代表思想家，出身於加勒比海法屬殖民地的法農有關黑白關係的討論，以便進一步落實族群關係問題的探討。第五章則回歸台灣本土經驗，以過去日據時代作家吳濁流的小說《亞細亞的孤兒》為討論焦點，闡述日治時代台灣人所遭受的族群偏見。

關鍵字：沙特、法濃、不良信念、族群關係

Abstract

The present thesis explores the inequality in interethnic relationship form the standpoint of Sartre’s existential thought. The existentialism emphasizes the existential experience, accordingly we transform the question as follows: how do we experience ethnicity? On what kind of consciousness is it grounded? Insofar as Sartre thinks of human being as free in essence, how can human being become entangled in ethnic bias in factual life? How does it come about?

Based on the conviction that human being is a being of consciousness, he denies any form of ego. The consciousness is not at all the performance of ego; reversely, the ego is constituted by the consciousness. As long as the ego is solidified, the bad faith will ensue as a result. The second chapter will discuss the relationship between the ego and bad faith. In the third chapter we will deal with the discourse of Lewis Gordon on Anti-black racism, whereas in the fourth chapter the colonial thought of Franz Fanon will be explored. We will put forth in the fifth chapter some discussions on the novel The Orphan of Asia in order to shed light on the indigenous experience of ethnic inequality.

Key words：Sartre, Fanon, Bad Faith, Interethnic Relationship